Identifying root causes of HH level poverty and child deprivations is an important analytical step that can help project teams identify the most effective modalities for child-sensitive PA programming. Root causes may include: 

• Inequalities in power relations 
• Inequalities in control over resources 
• Socio-cultural attitudes, norms and behaviours related to treatment of children 
• Policy responses to childhood deprivations (reference). 

In designing PA programmes, it is essential to identify all root causes of children’s deprivations – including but also going beyond HH poverty. 

UNDERSTANDING OTHER FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE CHILDREN’S OUTCOMES BEYOND POVERTY 

Different scenarios and program objectives may determine which questions to ask to understand how other factors beyond poverty impact on children’s wellbeing and deprivations. 

1. If the PA programme aims at increasing incomes to enable HHs to buy nutritious foods: 

• Are markets functional and is nutritious food available? 

2. If the programme aims at improving access to healthcare by reducing cost barriers: 

• Do quality health facilities exist? 

3. If the programme aims at improving school access: 

• Are schools nearby and safe, and are there adequate facilities for girls? 

If these issues are not addressed, increasing income alone will not improve outcomes.  

TIPS FOR IDENTIFYING ROOT CAUSES: 

• Work with colleagues/partners who specialise in other sectors to better understand issues around service provision, governance, policy etc and agree whether poverty is a main driver of child deprivations or not. 
• Carry out a market and/or labour market analysis to explore livelihood opportunities beyond those which are currently carried out. 
• Analyse what opportunities may exist for the next generation and future generations (based on changes in markets, land use, etc.); ensuring the HH’s ability to meet children’s long-term needs.