Developing Theories of Change (ToC) enables project teams to focus on their desired change for a particular situation and to think about steps needed to bring about that change. It also provides opportunities for project teams to consider relevant assumptions and risks. Developing a ToC is a process of: 

• Articulating a situation or problem (including root causes) 
• Identifying desired results to address the situation or problem 
• Identifying actions needed to bring about the desired change 
• Conceptualizing the pathways to impact, highlighting a cause-effect relationship between the different levels of expected change 
• Making all risks and assumptions relating to the selected specific activities and interventions visible and clear so that they can be monitored in the project’s logframe. 

The primary output of a ToC process is a conceptual summary (graphic and narrative) of the problem or situation, the pathways leading to change for that problem, the relevant assumptions/risks and the final expected outcomes and impact. Project teams should use the ToC to inform their project logframes by identifying what needs to be measured. See Building Block C: MEAL for further discussion on the selection of indicators process. Project teams should consistently revisit and update their ToCs to reflect dynamic contexts and other changes.